Childhood Obesity/Exercise The study by Akhtar-Danesh, Dehgham, Morrison, and Fonseka (2011) was designed to address the problem of parents' perceptions of the causes of childhood obesity, barriers to prevention, and the impact of obesity on child health. As noted by the authors, childhood obesity is a growing public health concern; rates of childhood obesity more than doubled between 1980 and 2003. Statistics show that obese children are at increased risk of becoming obese adults and thus more likely to experience health problems such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The problem is important for health care administrators to study because they can play a key role in educating parents to do what is best for their children's health. Young children cannot make decisions for themselves with respect to nutrition and exercise. They depend on their parents to provide healthy foods and promote a healthy lifestyle.

The purpose of the study was to determine parents' awareness about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity. The authors did not delineate a specific research question. The study did not attempt to correlate weight of the children with their parents' attitudes and beliefs about healthy living. The study was meant to gather information about what parents were doing, or not doing, with respect to providing good nutrition and encouraging physical activity. The research question could be as follows: What do parents of children aged zero to three know about childhood obesity, and how do they perceive their...

Introduced in 1935 by Stephenson, Q-methodology is used to identify diverse viewpoints as well as commonly shared views. As in this study by Aktar-Danesh et al., Q-studies typically use small sample sizes to identify a typology, not to generalize to a larger population. There were no independent and dependent study variables because no hypothesis had to be tested. The researchers were gathering information that could be used for a subsequent study as well as for the development of educational programs and materials.
The researchers used a convenience sampling approach, meaning they identified subjects for the study in a way that was easiest for them rather than using random sampling or some other method. The study initially surveyed twenty parents attending a Canadian medical center for their well-baby check-ups. Parents completed an open-ended questionnaire that assessed their understanding of good health, healthy vs. unhealthy foods, current eating behaviors, long-term risks of unhealthy nutrition, childhood obesity, exercise and sports, current activity levels, ideal weight, and barriers to physical activity for children. The research team reviewed the data and tabulated it, creating a data collection instrument that was then used with a convenience sample of one hundred parents from the same clinic. Rank-ordered scores were collected and analuzed with the PQMethod 2.11 program (Schmolck,…